Even well-known multi-national companies like Google Maps are censored if they show the area as “disputed.” This means that Indians grow up always seeing Kashmir as a part of their country, of equal standing with undisputed states like Tamil Nadu or Assam. Include in your description an explanation of how this skill could be connected to one of the three Big Ideas. AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. 9th - University grade . The European states first colonized the New World of the Americas, but later redirected their focus to Africa and Asia. Thus, states have evolved from relatively simple but powerful central powers to sophisticated and highly organized institutions. According to Tilly’s theory, military innovation in pre-modern Europe (especially gunpowder and mass armies) made war extremely expensive. Since the late nineteenth century, virtually the entirety of the world’s inhabitable land has been parceled up into areas with more or less definite borders claimed by various states. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. Rather than break into multiple smaller states, a country can choose to give each of its ethnicities or nationalities some measure of political autonomy. Download File. STUDY. Match. Initially, the United States was organized as a confederation, a loosely allied group of independent states united in a common goal to defeat the British. Gravity. When nations and states come together, there is a true nation-state, wherein most citizens share a common heritage and a united government. Boundaries play a critical role in how people interpret the world around them and can often be sources of conflict at all scales, from two neighbors arguing over where a fence should be placed to nation-states laying claim to parts of (or sometimes all) other sovereign nations. Pluralists view society as a collection of individuals and groups competing for political power. File Size: 291 kb. (functional) disagreement between states over the control of a surface area, (resource) conflict over the use of resources created or complicated by a political boundary, boundary line established before the area in question was well population, boundary line that is established after the area has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area, boundary line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern, former boundary line that is still discernable and marked by some cultural landscape feature, phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated, phase in which the definition of boundary is marked on an official cartographic representation, phase in which boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by fence, line, sign, wall, or other means. For instance, The Strait of Juan de Fuca is the wide waterway stretching from the Pacific Ocean on the West to the San Juan Islands on the east, with Vancouver Island to the north and the Olympic Peninsula to the south. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AP Pacing Guide for Flipped Classrooms: Jan.–April 2021 Overview Due to the challenges associated with hybrid and remote learning in 2020-21, a significant amount of the content and skills colleges are requiring for credit will likely need to be assigned to students as homework or independent learning. The origin, function, and growth of a particular settlement depend upon both its site, as well as its situation. ... ~Must be recognized by other states as a state in order to be considered a state. This course is specifically designed for students who are interested in learning more about the AP Human Geography course before enrolling, supplementary support and exam review, and for use in blended learning classrooms. Thus, states, as an institution, were a social invention. 20 Qs . The first ancient states that formed during this time were called city-states. Home FAQ's Theme 1 ... node or of transportation networks along with commercial property, banking, journalism, and judicial departments like City Hall, courts, and libraries. sovereign state comprising of a town and a surrounding countryside. This year long class will introduce students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alterations of the Earth’s surface. In human geography the term “gateway city” refers to a city that acts as a port of entry into a country or a large geographic region. AP Human Geography - Create a City Project by Rebecca Meyer | TpT Project correlates to Services and the Urban & Rural Land Use Chapters. In 2011, the Indian government ordered the Economist magazine to remove or cover such a map in 28,000 copies of its May edition which were for sale in India. A state the divides power between a central government and several regional governments has a _____ form of government. The concept of the modern nation-state began in Europe as a political revolution laid the groundwork for a sense of nationalism: a feeling of devotion or loyalty to a specific nation. He believed that the state mirrored societal class relations, that it regulated and repressed class struggle, and that it was a tool of political power and domination for the ruling class. This colonial expansion across the globe is called imperialism. Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us to understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how political processes are themselves affected by spatial features. In our early history, Americans thought they were living in “The United Countries of America.”. To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city. Most political theories of the state can roughly be classified into two categories. Study free AP Human Geography flashcards and improve your grades. AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description This is the core document for the course. Introduction to Human Geography by R. Adam Dastrup, MA, GISP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. United Nations Convention On the Law of the Sea- a code of maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 nautical miles wide exclusive economic zones. Although Wittfogel’s theory is well known, it has also been criticized as inaccurate. With the defeat of Germany and the emergence of the USSR, Spykman’s views were embraced during the formulation of the Cold War American policy containing communist influence. The Holy Roman Empire, which was centered on the German states of Central Europe from 962–1806, should not be confused with the Roman Empire, which was based in Rome and ended centuries earlier. Pluralism has been challenged on the ground that it is not supported by empirical evidence. 0. Another theory of state formation focuses on the long, slow, process of rationalization and bureaucratization that began with the invention of writing. AP Human Geography AP Human Geography Chapter 12 The city-state is an example of . City State. 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm (Eastern Time) Special Opportunity for Delaware Teachers: Matthew Sudnik, a teacher of Human Geography and History Department Chair at The Madeira School in McLean, Virginia, will discuss AP Human Geography Unites 5 and 6, presenting specific lesson plans for the geography of agriculture and urban geography. Political geography is the study of how humans have divided up the surface of the Earth for purposes of management and control. 71 terms. The first, which includes liberal or conservative theories, treats capitalism as a given and concentrates on the function of states in a capitalist society. Home » AP Human Geography » Outlines » Human Geography: Culture, Society and Space ... Southeast Asia , as a realm, is markedly low levels of urbanization (the city-state of Singapore is 100 percent urban; the only such country in the world). 30 seconds ... A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. 32 key terms in the APHG study of political geography. 14 terms. This process is often beneficial to the unitary nations to prevent political instability and conflict; however, it can be withdrawn by the central government at any time. Innovations in food production and the manufacturing of products transformed Europe, and in turn, political currents were undermining the established empire mentality fueled by warfare and territorial disputes. Imperialism is the control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a ... 0% average accuracy. ... AP Human Geography Ethnicity, Race, and Political Geography . Dahl called this kind of state a polyarchy. Geography. The site of ancient phoenicia, the region was gradually absorbed by the posian Empire and later conquered by Alexender the great, considered one of the founding Fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy, the 19th century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was justified, an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the Midpoint between places, sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area, state or territory that is small in both population and area, tightly knit group of people shaving a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other culture attributes, a territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the Maritime fringe of a country or continent, the art of representation by pictures/images, which may or may not have a symbolic as well as apparent or superficial meaning, a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality, a territory in Northern Canada extending East from the Northwestern territories to Huddoh Bay, containing the islands in the Hudson Bay, primarily controlled and inhabited by the Invit, the study of geography involving geographic states, borders, and how humans identify with them, the claimed reason for the existence of something or someone, the assigning by Congress of congressional seats after each census, the stronger connection to one's region than to one's country, brings together 2 parts of a country under one government, a political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, areas that are constantly breaking up and/or fragmenting, the ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states, an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs, groups of an ethnicity with no state of inhabitance, a nationality that is not represented by a state. ” For Marxist theorists, the role of the non-socialist state is determined by its function in the global capitalist order. He claimed that if Germany did not grow in this way, it would fall victim again to the rest of Europe and eventually the world as it did during the First World War. a year ago. Created by. The Rimland’s defining characteristic is that it is an intermediate region, lying between the heartland and the marginal sea powers. Agriculture allowed communities to settle and also led to class division: some people devoted all their time to food production, while others were freed to specialize in other activities, such as writing or ruling. See more ideas about political geography, ap human geography, human geography. knd3518. democracy. by floodel_82021. Both Hitler and the USSR believed this was possible, but both failed because they did not foresee the rise of other world powers such as the United States and China. Marxists view the state as a partisan instrument that primarily serves the interests of the upper class. ... city-state. ... AP Human Geography Unit 4 Vocabulary. Start studying AP Human Geography chapter 8 vocab. world order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. AP Human Geography Module Three Lesson Two Activity For each Skill Category, choose one specific skill from the Human Geography Course Skills below or linked here describe one way you could demonstrate that skill. Occasionally, a particularly troublesome provincial region or ethnicity will result in a sort of compromise situation, or devolution, in which a unitary system, like China, will grant a special exemption to one region or group to allow that location semi-autonomy or greater local control. Poland , Kenya ... San Marino, Vatican City, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein. The truth is that this ideal goal is challenging to come by. This is often the result of unresolved centrifugal forces pulling the nation apart from within, such as economic disparity and ethnic or religious conflicts. The U.S. began as a federalist system. . Created by. However, this compromise is not neutral, as it sends a message that both claims are equally legitimate. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. Independent states are the primary building blocks of the world political map. To state it plainly, most Europeans, and to an extent every human, want to be a member of a nation-state where everyone is alike and shares the same culture, heritage, and government. At each location, somebody or some group seeks to establish the rules governing what happens in that space, how power is shared (or not), and who even has the right to access those spaces. legally adding land area to a city in the United States, Earth's southernmost continent; world's largest land mass that is not claimed, laws (no longer in effect in South Africa) that physically separated different races into geographic areas, process by which a state breaks down because of conflicts among its ethnicities. Perforated States . Europeans used colonialism to promote political control over religion, extract natural resources, increase economic influence, and to expand political and military power. AP Human Geography AP Human Geography Chapter 6 Lutheranism is an example of a Christian . Played 0 times. Human Geography A Spatial Perspective is designed specifically for high school AP students. AP Human Geography: Political Geography Vocab. The idea or concept of a state originated in the Fertile Crescent between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. According to one early theory of state formation, the centralized state was developed to administer large public works systems (such as irrigation systems) and to regulate complex economies. The people, therefore, had good reason to give control to a central state, but in giving up control over the irrigation system, they also gave up control over their livelihoods and, thus, the central state gained immense control over people in general. Compact State: the distance from the geographic center of the area to any point on the boundary does not vary greatly, ie. Political sociologists continue to debate the origins of the state and the processes of state formation. Anarchism is a political philosophy that considers states immoral and instead promotes a stateless society, anarchy. The agrarian revolution and the Industrial Revolution were powerful movements that altered human activity in many ways. City-state, a political system consisting of an independent city having sovereignty over contiguous territory and serving as a centre and leader of political, economic, and cultural life. Edit. As the amphibious buffer zone between the land powers and sea powers, it must defend itself from both sides, and therein lies its fundamental security problems. When a state has total control over its internal and foreign affairs, it is called a sovereign state. In those places like Egypt, France, and Japan, where nationalist feelings are strong, and there are many centripetal forces like language, religion, and economic prosperity uniting people, a unitary state makes much sense. There are two types: Exclusionary and Inclusionary. Spell. The Constitution that the U.S. Government, operates under today was adopted to help create a balance of powers between the central government headquartered in Washington DC, and the multiple state governments. Later, empires formed when a single city-state militarily controlled several city-states. December 1, 1991 a vote for independence in the Ukraine (the most powerful republic). It aligns closely to the College Board Course and Exam Description to improve student performance on the AP Exam. Boundaries are often divided into two categories: (1) natural – following the course of a physical feature such as a river or ridgeline; (2) artificial – drawn by humans. Moreover, the political border may persist even after the physical feature, which created the original boundary has changed its location. Thus, the boundaries of states bordering the Mississippi River are fixed to the river’s old course, though the location of its meanders has changed. The Organic Theory states that nations must continually seek nourishment in the form of gaining land to survive in the same way that a living organism seeks nourishment from food to survive. Marx and Engels were clear that communism’s goal was a classless society in which the state would have “withered away. The first states were city-states. Political boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language, Political boundary between two states that does not follow geography, but rather geometry, a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is though to prevent conflict between them, a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland, an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, group of states united for a common purpose, regulated trade and colonization in Africa; it formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies, largest population center; most productive region; area with greatest centrality and accessibility; probably containing capital as well, the outermost part of region within a boundary, acquisition, by colonized people, of control over their own territory, The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government, if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling to communism, both the decentralization of a government from a unitary to a federal system of a fracturing of a government like Balkanization, the idea that if one land in a region came under the influence of communists, then more would follow, the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions, a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country or wholly lying within the boundaries of another country, a war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism or fight over natural resources, a supernational and intergovernmental union of 27 democratic member states of Europe, a country which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding territory, a sea zone which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, a political philosophy in which a group or body of members are bound together with a governing representative head, a symbolically relocated capital city usually because of either economic or strategic reasons, a zone where no state exercises complete political control, the study that analyzes geography, history, and social science with reference to international politics, the process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the political party in power, no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life, the central region of a country or continent; especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture, a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants, an international alliance involving many different countries, a national barrier that prevents the passage of information or ideas between political entitles, the doctrine that should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related, a country in the Middle East; the Hebrew nation or people, the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans, almost entirely surrounded by land, having no coastline or sea port, a country in Southwest Asia/ Middle East on the Mediterranean Sea. They then view the state as a neutral body that enacts the will of whichever group dominates the electoral process. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out. Start studying AP Human Geography Chapter 9 Vocab. Overview. This style of governance makes sense when a country is “young” – and is still in the process of nation-building or developing a common identity necessary to the establishment of a unified nationality. While not the only factor in determining the political landscape, the shape of a state is important because it helps determine potential communication internally, military protection, access to resources, and more. The city-state is an example of Naim 12:38 AP Human Geography Chapter 12. A city-state is a sovereign state that encompasses a town and the surrounding landscape. The pluralist approach suggests that the modern democratic state acts in response to pressures that are applied by a variety of related interests. Test. Nor did they know that military technology would soon advance far beyond tanks and ground troops to include nuclear weapons, high-tech missiles, and drone airplanes. Politically, Spykman called for the consolidation of the Rimland countries to ensure their survival during World War II. a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland. EX: Italy surrounds Vatican City 1 Benefit? Therefore, (C), (D), and (E) may be eliminated. City-State. Hitler was a proponent of organic theory and used Raztel’s term Lebensraum or “living space” as justification for Germany’s behavior during World War II. floodel_82021. PLAY. Another interesting question comes up when learning about boundaries, “Who owns the sea?” A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the Earth’s water surface areas. Any proposal to recognize Pakistani control over part or all of Kashmir would then provoke severe resistance from the Indian populace. Save. Therefore, the political elite in a capital city (like Paris or Tokyo) frequently have outsized power over the rest of the country. Antarctica: The only large landmass, in the world, that is not part of a sovereign state. After the concept of the nation-state had gained a foothold in Europe, the ruling powers focused on establishing settlements and political power around the world by imposing their military, economic, political, and cultural influence through colonialism. It is important to look at how political boundaries are created, determined, and occasionally redrawn. Controversies about territorial waters tend to encompass two dimensions: (a) territorial sovereignty, which is a legacy of history, and (b) relevant jurisdictional rights and interests in maritime boundaries, which are mainly due to differing interpretations of the law of the sea. The Case for Getting Rid of Borders – Completely, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 70 terms. Political spaces exist at multiple scales, from a kid’s bedroom to the entire planet. A maritime boundary is delineated at a particular distance from the coastline. Within the pluralist tradition, Robert Dahl developed the theory of the state as a neutral arena for contending interests. Marxist theory, on the other hand, sees politics as intimately intermingled with economic relations, and emphasizes the relationship between economic power and political power. As such, it usually defines areas of exclusive national rights over any natural resources within that boundary. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Geography, 1.1 Geography: The Science of Where, How, and Why, Chapter 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes, Chapter 4: Political Borders, Boundaries, and Governments, 5.5 Globalization and International Trade, 7.3 Cities as Cultural and Economic Centers, 7.4 Cities as Environmental and Sustainable Centers. Governments are often challenged by the devolutionary factors that challenge state sovereignty. Often, these civilizations relied on complex irrigation systems that had to be centrally managed. Although in some countries, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the boundary of international waters. However, so-called natural boundaries are still products of human choice — why establish that river, rather than this other one, as the boundary? Ap Human Geography Unit 4. AP Human Geography Syllabus 2015-2016. colony. A. Puerto Rico (United States) and Hong Kong (China) are excellent examples. Various treaties and revolutions continued to shift the power from dictators and monarchs to the general populace. By looking at the relationships between cultural groups and their physical geography it is possible to find … This question has been one of the central political issues in the U.S., since even before the War for Independence. answer choices . a year ago. Contain several discontinuous pieces of territory. Write. Most agree that the earliest states emerged when agriculture and writing made it possible to centralize power durable. Nowadays, we use this term to refer to any country that breaks apart to form several countries or several states, usually the consequence of civil war or ethnic cleansing as was seen in Armenia and Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and Yugoslavia. This strait remains the subject of a maritime boundary dispute between Canada and the United States. Wittfogel argued that most of the earliest states were formed in hydraulic civilizations, by which he meant civilizations where leaders controlled people by controlling the water supply. AP Human Geography Political Geography. Modern archaeological and anthropological evidence shows that many early societies were not as centralized, despotic, or unequal as the hydraulic theory would suggest. Theories of this variety view the state as a neutral entity distinct from both society and the economy. Many disputes have been resolved through negotiations, but not all. The city-state is an example of A) a state dominated by its major city.
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